Enzymes
A substrate binds an active site whose shape and chemical properties stabilize the transition state. Temperature, pH, substrate concentration, and inhibitors influence rate. A competitive inhibitor binds the active site; increasing substrate can reduce its effect. Allosteric binding alters activity at another site. Denaturation disrupts the structure needed for function, without normally breaking the primary peptide backbone.
MAKE IT CONCRETE
If a competitive inhibitor is added, more substrate can restore a high rate by competing for active sites.
DON’T FALL FOR THIS
A catalyst does not make an energetically unfavorable reaction favorable.