Active and bulk transport
Primary active transport couples movement to an energy source such as ATP hydrolysis. Secondary active transport couples uphill movement of one solute to downhill movement of another, using a gradient maintained by other processes. Blocking ATP production can therefore disrupt transport indirectly as gradients dissipate. Endocytosis internalizes extracellular material in membrane-bound vesicles; exocytosis delivers vesicle contents outside and adds vesicle membrane to the plasma membrane. These processes require energy and cellular machinery. A pump’s effect depends on which molecules move, their directions, and the resulting concentration and electrical differences.
A plant proton pump uses ATP to build a proton gradient. A cotransporter can then allow H+ to move downhill while bringing another solute uphill. The cotransporter need not hydrolyze ATP directly to depend ultimately on energy input.
Facilitated diffusion and active transport both use proteins. Distinguish them by direction relative to the relevant gradient and by their energy coupling.